Assertive Sentences

ASSERTIVE SENTENCES

DIRECT NARRATION	INDIRECT NARRATION
1. He says to me, "Iam a teacher".	1. He says to me that he is teacher.
2. She says, "I have done my work".	2. She says that she has done her work.
3. He will say, "I am reading a book".	3. He will say that he is reading a book.
4. I shall say, "She is at fault".	4. I shall say that she is at fault.
5. Bilal said, "I like to play here".	5. Bilal said that he liked to play there.
6. He said to me, "I am writing a letter".	6. He told me that he was writing a letter.
7. Aslam said to me, "You are late today".	7. Aslam told me that I was late that day.
8. He said to her, "I can lend you my pen".	8. He told her that he could lend her his pen.
9. He said, "Two and two make four".	9. He said that two and two make four.
10. The teacher said, "Honesty is the best policy".	10. The teacher said that honesty is the best policy.

قاعدہ:

DIRECT SPEECH کو INDIRECT SPEECH میں تبدیل کرتے وقت مندرجہ ذیل امور کو پیش نظر رکھیئے۔

1. اگر REPORTING SPEECH کا PRESENT TENSE, VERB یا FUTURE TENSE میں ہو تو INDIRECT SPEECH میں تبدیل کرتے وقت REPORTED SPEECH کا VERB تبدیل نہیں ہوگا۔ جیسے جملے 1 تا 4

2. REPORTING SPEECH کے بعد کے COMMA اور REPORTED SPEECH کے بعد INVERTED COMMAS کو ہٹا کر ان کی جگہ THAT لگاتے ہیں۔

3. ضمیر PERSON کا بدلنا۔

ضمیر تین ہوتے ہیں۔

1. ضمیر متکلم	1st PERSON: I, my, me, mine, we, our, us, ours
2. ضمیرحاضر اور	2nd PERSON: You, your, yours.
3. ضمیر غائب	3rd PERSON: He, his, him, she, her, hers, they, their, them, it, its

a) REPORTED SPEECH کے 1st PERSON کے PRONOUNS کو REPORTING VERB کے SUBJECT (فاعل) کے مطابق بدلتے ہیں۔

b) REPORTING SPEECH کے 2nd PERSON کے PRONOUNS کو REPORTING VERB کے OBJECT (مفعول) کے مطابق بدلتے ہیں۔

c) REPORTED SPEECH کے 3rd PERSON کے PRONOUNS میں کسی قسم کی کوئی تبدیلی نہیں کی جاتی۔

4. اگر REPORTING VERB فعل ماضی یعنی PAST TENSE میں ہوں تو REPORTED SPEECH کے تمام VERBS کو PAST TENSE میں تبدیل کردیا جاتا ہے جیسے PRESENT INDEFINITE کو PAST INDEFINITE میں PRESENT CONTINUOUS کو CONTINUOUS PAST میں PRESENT PERFECT کو PAST PERFECT میں اور PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS کو PAST PERFECT CNTINUOUS میں۔

اس کے علاوہ PAST INDEINITE کو PAST PERFECT میں PAST CONTINUOUS کوPAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS میں بدل دیتے ہیں۔

مزید برآں SHALL یا WILL کو WOULD میں بدل دیتے ہیں۔

5. اگر REPORTED SPEECH کسی عالمگیر سچائی یعنی UNIVERSAL TRUTH کو بیان کر رہی ہو تو اس کے VERB کو تبدیل نہیں کیا جاتا جیسے جملے 9 اور 10۔

6. وقت اور جگہ ظاہر کرنے والے الفاظ میں مندرجہ ذیل تبدیلیاں ہوتی ہیں۔

Here	______	there	Ago	______	before
This	______	that	today	______	that day
These	______	those	tomorrow	______	the next day
Hence	______	thence	next day	______	the following day
Now	______	then	tonight	______	that night
Hither	______	thither	yesterday	______	the previous day
Thus	______	so	last night	______	the previous night